I bought this book wanting to learn about bias, but the author's experiment itself was biased, so I lost the reason to read it. In particular, regarding the section on the self-control experiment with four-year-old children, the author claims that "children who succeed in self-control have higher intelligence and are less likely to fall into drug addiction." However, this is completely untrue because the sample size for that experiment was too small. Even if a child succeeds in self-control at

If there is noise where judgment is made, how is that noise removed?

Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Fingerprint identification is no exception.

Although I expected it to be a difficult book, I chose it nonetheless because I was drawn to the phrase "noise of thought" and because it was Daniel Kahneman's first new book in ten years. Starting from Chapter 1, the book engagingly discusses why sentencing recommendations vary depending on the situation or which judge delivers the verdict—specifically regarding judges, the most representative profession when thinking about judgment—so I was able to read it with complete immersion. The section

The "noise" referred to by the authors in this book is what causes human error. Human error refers to mistakes made by humans during the operation of machines, the execution of specific commands, or the planning stage; this category includes "noise manifesting as bias and random variance, which are systematic deviations." The authors state that various forms of noise arise when people make judgments in real life and at work, depending on their individual values and environments. They argue that

Our days are filled with encountering and making countless judgments, yet wherever judgments exist, noise is bound to follow. This book examines examples of such noise in detail and contemplates how to reduce it. Daniel Kahneman, the founder of behavioral economics, explains the reasons for noise and methods for making judgments that minimize it. The section explaining "noise" in the legal field using examples was the most impressive. Although the content could have felt difficult, the examples

Simply put, this book presents a method of thinking by excluding "noise"—that is, things that might act as obstacles to thought. To be honest, it differed slightly from the direction I had expected. Also, perhaps because there were so many terms with definitions, the book didn't feel entirely easy. The "noise" presented within the book can be understood as "bias." Since biased thinking is a factor (i.e., noise) that affects the causality of thought, this is the main topic covered. Furthermore,

I suffer from decision paralysis. While I have acquaintances who struggle only with deciding what to eat, I tend to agonize over matters ranging from trivial to important, and I find it difficult to make decisions, even while handling tasks, taking longer than others to deliberate. Although this was a slightly different topic from the book I was reading, I became interested in it with the thought that if I could eliminate the errors that occur when making judgments, I might be able to make

Your current psychological state has a decisive influence on decision-making. Therefore, you must first examine the psychological state of the person who will influence you.